A Deep Dive into Ear Infections: Otitis Media and Otitis Externa

At Genexia Health, we’re dedicated to empowering you with the knowledge you need to take control of your health. Today, we’re exploring two common types of ear infections: Acute Otitis Media (AOM) and Otitis Externa, also known as Swimmer’s Ear.

Acute Otitis Media (AOM)

AOM is an infection of the middle ear that is particularly common in children. In fact, 75% of children will have experienced AOM before they start school.

AOM often occurs following an upper respiratory tract infection (URTI). The eustachian tube, which connects the middle ear to the back of the throat, can become blocked during a URTI. This blockage prevents fluid from draining from the middle ear, creating an environment where bacteria or viruses can thrive and cause an infection.

Interestingly, most AOM infections are viral (15-25%) and will resolve on their own. The most common bacteria involved in AOM are Streptococcus pneumoniae, H. influenza, M. Catarrhalis, and less commonly, Strep A.

If not treated, AOM can lead to complications such as mastoiditis (infection of the mastoid bone behind the ear) or meningitis, especially in children under 2 years old. It can also cause the eardrum to perforate, although this should resolve after 6 weeks.

Risk factors for AOM include tobacco exposure, bottle-feeding while lying down, and pacifier use.

Otitis Externa (Swimmer’s Ear)

Otitis Externa is an infection of the external ear canal, often resulting from frequent exposure to water. This condition leads to redness and swelling of the external ear canal, and can cause pain, itchiness, and discharge.

Unlike AOM, Otitis Externa usually doesn’t cause a fever and typically affects only one ear. It’s more common in the summer due to hot, humid climates, and can lead to complications such as infection of the outer ear, facial cellulitis, and bone infection.

Otitis Externa is less common in children under 2 years old, but 10% of people will experience it at some point in their lives. Risk factors include humidity, trauma from cotton swabs or earplugs, hearing aids, cerumen (earwax), foreign bodies, and dermatological issues like eczema and psoriasis.

If you have Otitis Externa, it’s recommended to avoid swimming and water sports for 7-10 days. To prevent this condition, avoid risk factors, treat any existing dermatological conditions, and wear a tight-fitting cap or custom-fitted swim molds when swimming.

After swimming or showering, dry your ears well. Tilt your head and pull your earlobe in different directions to help drain excess water from the ear canal. If water remains, use a hairdryer on a low heat and speed setting, or a fan positioned several inches from the ear.

At Genexia Health, we’re here to help you navigate the complexities of ear infections. Our at home ear infection assessments and treatments are designed to provide you with the care you need, right in the comfort of your own home. If you or a loved one are experiencing symptoms of an ear infection, don’t hesitate to reach out to us. Your health is our priority.

Give us a call for more information at (514) 396-9022 or send us an email to [email protected]